In a stark revelation from the fifth National Health Survey (NHS), Bhutan faces a mounting crisis in public health, marked by a surge in non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors that demand immediate attention. The report, unveiled recently, paints a concerning portrait of the health landscape, pointing towards alarming trends in alcohol and tobacco consumption, excessive salt intake, and widespread physical inactivity among its populace.
Among the most pressing concerns highlighted by the survey is the escalating rate of alcohol consumption. Shockingly, 40.2 percent of men and 33.3 percent of women admitted to regular alcohol use, despite the well-documented health hazards associated with excessive intake. Liver disease, cardiovascular complications, and various cancers loom large as potential consequences, yet effective measures to curb this trend remain conspicuously inadequate.
Equally troubling is the rapid rise in tobacco usage, with rates soaring from 25.2 percent to 34 percent between 2019 and 2023. The survey revealed that 21.6 percent of men and 6.1 percent of women are smokers, while 26.6 percent of men and 12.3 percent of women use smokeless tobacco—a worrisome escalation linked directly to lung cancer, respiratory ailments, and heart diseases.
Adding to the health woes is the growing consumption of areca nuts, notorious for causing oral cancers and other serious health complications. Meanwhile, Bhutanese are consuming an average of 8.5 grams of salt daily, far exceeding the recommended limit of five grams set by the World Health Organization. This overconsumption contributes significantly to hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, necessitating urgent dietary reforms.
Physical inactivity emerges as another critical issue, with 18.3 percent of respondents failing to meet recommended activity levels. Men, at 22.3 percent, surpass women’s 14.7 percent inactivity rate—a sedentary lifestyle that fosters obesity and metabolic disorders. Disturbingly, 42.2 percent of men and 49.2 percent of women in Bhutan are now classified as overweight or obese, posing imminent risks of diabetes, heart disease, and other chronic illnesses that strain the healthcare system.
Addressing these formidable health challenges demands immediate and comprehensive interventions. Advocates are urging stringent regulations and higher taxes on alcohol and tobacco products to dissuade consumption, coupled with intensified public awareness campaigns to underscore the risks. Educational initiatives in schools and communities play a pivotal role in promoting healthier lifestyles and fostering informed choices among citizens.
Revisiting dietary guidelines is also imperative, with a focus on reducing salt intake through widespread public awareness and regulatory measures within the food industry. Encouraging the consumption of fresh, unprocessed foods rich in fruits and vegetables can profoundly impact public health outcomes.
Moreover, promoting physical activity must be prioritized. Developing accessible infrastructure such as parks, sports facilities, and pedestrian-friendly spaces encourages active living, while workplace wellness programs can cultivate a culture of physical fitness among employees.
The findings from the NHS serve as a poignant wake-up call for all stakeholders in Bhutan. With concerted efforts and sustained commitment, the nation can mitigate these health risks, safeguarding the well-being of its people and ensuring a healthier future for generations to come.
