At 89 years old, Surei Sasai, a Buddhist monk from Japan, has emerged as a central figure in the revival of Buddhism in India. With a mission to combat caste-based discrimination, Sasai is fostering a spiritual and social transformation that resonates with thousands. Last month, his efforts culminated in a large-scale Buddhist conversion ceremony in Nagpur, which drew over 15,000 converts and 15 Japanese individuals aspiring to monkhood.
Known formally as Bhadant Nagarjuna Arya Sura Sasai, the monk is widely regarded as a spiritual successor to Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, the revered Dalit leader and architect of India’s Constitution. Sasai’s vision mirrors Ambedkar’s legacy of using Buddhism as a tool to challenge caste oppression and promote equality.
A Life of Transformation
Born in 1935 in Niimi, Okayama Prefecture, Japan, Sasai’s early life was fraught with personal struggles, including an obsession with women and multiple suicide attempts. His life took a decisive turn in 1960 when he embraced Buddhism and ordained as a monk. Seeking purpose, Sasai relocated to India, where he witnessed the severe hardships endured by the Dalit community, historically marginalized under the caste system.
These observations became the catalyst for his lifelong dedication to social justice. Sasai has since worked tirelessly to uplift Dalits, advocating for equality and reform while striving to restore Buddhism’s historical prominence in its birthplace.
Following in Ambedkar’s Footsteps
Dr. Ambedkar, India’s first law minister and a Dalit icon, led a mass-conversion movement to Buddhism in 1956 as a protest against caste discrimination. Sasai has embraced Ambedkar’s mission, fostering the continued spread of Buddhism among marginalized communities in India. His work underscores the transformative power of spiritual awakening coupled with social advocacy.
During the Nagpur ceremony held from October 10–12, Sasai reaffirmed his commitment to Buddhism, urging participants to focus on the teachings of the faith rather than personal gain. “I mustn’t ask for any favors, such as being able to enter paradise,” Sasai declared. “My duty is to guide people to the law of Buddhism.”
Advocacy for Social Justice
Sasai’s influence extends beyond religious conversion. Since acquiring Indian citizenship, he has actively participated in governmental initiatives supporting minority rights. In 2003, he joined a government committee addressing these issues and has worked to reclaim Buddhist temples that had fallen under Hindu administration.
Earlier this month, in his role as president of the Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Memorial Committee, Sasai welcomed Congress leader Rahul Gandhi to Deekshabhoomi, the site of Ambedkar’s historic 1956 conversion. The event highlighted Sasai’s continued engagement with political and social leaders to promote the Buddhist cause.
Challenges and Criticism
Despite Buddhism’s origins in India, only 0.7% of the population—about 8.4 million people—identified as Buddhists in the 2011 census. Sasai, however, estimates the true number to be as high as 150 million, arguing that many individuals may identify publicly as Hindu to secure government benefits.
Caste-based discrimination remains a pervasive issue, even as India experiences economic growth and modernization. Sasai has criticized Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s administration, claiming that policies such as increased school tuition fees disproportionately harm economically disadvantaged Buddhists.
While Sasai’s mission has earned him widespread respect, critics question the accuracy of his demographic estimates and emphasize that social change requires more than religious conversion. They argue that addressing systemic inequalities necessitates comprehensive policy reforms and broader societal engagement.
A Growing Movement
Sasai’s efforts are part of a broader resurgence of Buddhism in India, driven by leaders who emphasize social justice and equality. His work challenges entrenched caste-based hierarchies, inspiring thousands to embrace Buddhism as both a spiritual path and a vehicle for social change.
As Sasai continues his mission, his legacy aligns closely with the enduring message of Dr. Ambedkar: the pursuit of equality, justice, and human dignity. Through his unwavering dedication, Sasai is not only reviving an ancient faith but also striving to reshape India’s social fabric.
